Top focus area points of SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE- India after independence

Important focus area points of sslc social science,chapter “India after independence” is given below

Integration of Princely States

🔅There were around six hundred princely states in pre-independent India, in addition to the territories directly ruled by the British.
🔅Britain gave these princely states the options to join either India or Pakistan or to be independent.
🔅Integration of these princely states into the Indian Union was challenge before the new nation.
🔅The integration was really a herculean task and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the Union Minister entrusted with this mission. He appointed V.P Menon,a Keralite, as Secretary of the Department of States.

🔅 Patel and V. P. Menon prepared an Instrument of Accesssion. which stipulated that the princely states had to transfer their control over defence, external affairs, and information and communication to the Government of India.
🔅Following the diplomacy of the government and popular protests, majority of the princely states signed the Instrument of Accession and joined Indian Union.

🔅 But some states such as Hyderabad, Kashmir and Junagarh resented. Finally they were also integrated into the Indian Union through conciliation talks and military intervention
Following mass protest, France handed

Achievements in Science and Technology

🔅Technology and technocrats have played a significant role in her development in agriculture and industry.
🔅Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru India made great achievements in science and technology and established several research institutions for the development of science and
technology.
●Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
●Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
●Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
H. J. Bhabha was the head of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Indian Atomic Energy Commission.
🔅Five Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) were started between 1954 and 1964.
India made tremendous progress in medical science, biomedical engineering, genetics,
biotechnology, health science, marine technology, information technology, atomic energy and
transportation.

Space Research in India

🔅Vikram Sarabhai,
🔅Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR)
🔅Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) 1969
🔅The first rocket-launching station in India was established in Thumba, near Thiruvananthapuram.
🔅The first satellite Aryabhatta was successfully launched in 1975.

Focus area topic for SSLC: Public administration
🔅There are several agencies that develop satellites in India now
• National Remote Sensing
Agency (NRSA)
• Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
Agni and Prithwi are the missiles
Chandrayan( Llunar Mission ) and Mangalyan (the space mission of India to Mars)

Foreign Policy

🔅Free India adopted the foreign policy framed by the Indian National Congress during the struggle for independence.
Nehru is the chief architect of the foreign policy of India.
Main principles of India’s foreign policy are:
• Resistance to colonialism and imperialism
• Hostility to racism
• Trust in the United Nations Organization
• Peaceful co-existence
• Panchsheel principles
• Emphasis on the necessity of foreign assistance
• Policy of Non – alignment

Panchsheel Principles

🔅Signed by Jawaharlal Nehru and Chou En-lai the then Prime Minister of China in 1954.
• Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
• Mutual non-aggression
• Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs
• Equality and cooperation for mutual benefit
• Peaceful co-existence